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Investigation of the roles of lignin in biomass-based hydrogel for efficient desalination

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 7,   Pages 954-965 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2311-2

Abstract: The shortage of freshwater has become a global challenge, and solar-driven interfacial evaporation for desalination is a promising way to alleviate the crisis. To develop highly efficient and environmentally friendly photothermal evaporator, the hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)/alkaline lignin (AL)/graphene oxide (GO) hydrogels (CLGs) with remarkable evaporative performance were successfully fabricated by a facile sol–gel method using biomass residues. The influence of AL content on the physicochemical properties of the evaporator was investigated. The increasing content of AL improves the mechanical properties, saturated water content and crosslink density of the hydrogels. The designed materials exhibit outstanding thermal insulation capacity (the thermal conductivity of less than 0.05 W·m–1·K–1) and high light absorption capacity of more than 97%. The solar evaporation efficiency and water evaporation rate of the HEC/64 wt % of AL/GO hydrogels (CLG4) achieve 92.1% and 2.55 kg·m–2·h–1 under 1 sun, respectively. The salt resistance test results reveal that the evaporation rate of the CLG4 can still reach 2.44 kg·m–2·h–1 in 3.5 wt % NaCl solution. The solar evaporation rate of the CLG4 can maintain in the range of 2.45–2.59 kg·m–2·h–1 in five cycles. This low-cost lignin-based photothermal evaporator offers a sustainable strategy for desalination.

Keywords： lignin     photothermal     cellulose     desalination     hydrogel    

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Emerging roles of liquid metals in carbon neutrality

Frontiers in Energy 2022, Volume 16, Issue 3,   Pages 393-396 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0829-5

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Protective roles of heat stress on the neurons in hippocampal CA1 region of mice

WANG Chunxu, WANG Hanxing

Frontiers of Medicine 2007, Volume 1, Issue 4,   Pages 418-422 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0082-7

Abstract: The effects of heat stress on the neurons in hippocampal CA1 region of brain ischemia/reperfusion were explored. The mice were pretreated with heat stress followed by ischemia/reperfusion by clipping bilateral cervical commo n arteries for 7 min. Mice were divided randomly into four groups as follows: (1) normal control group; (2) heat stress pretreated subsequent to ischemia/reperfusion group (HS/IR); (3) ischemia/reperfusion group (IR); and (4) heat stress group (HS). Animals in the last three groups were subdivided into three subgroups: 1 d, 4 d, 14 d respectively. The Morris water maze was used to test the ability of learning and memorizing, Nissl staining was used to count the average number of survived neurons in hippocampal CA1 region, and immunohistochemistry combined with image analysis system to detect the changes of Microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP-2) expression. The results showed that mice in IR group exhibited increased escape latency when compared with that of normal, HS and HS/IR groups (<0.01), and the mice in IR group adopted an inefficient search strategy, major in circling and restricted searching manners. Nissl staining results showed a significant reduction in the number of pyramidal neurons in hippocampal CA1 regions in HS/IR and IR groups, with a decrease in IR group (<0.01). Compared with normal group, the expression of MAP-2 in hippocampal CA1 region obviously decreased in IR group (<0.05). The present results indicate that heat stress pretreatment can improve the spatial learning and memorizing function through protection to hippocampal neurons.
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MicroRNAs and their roles in osteoclast differentiation

Zhuying Xia, Chao Chen, Peng Chen, Hui Xie, Xianghang Luo

Frontiers of Medicine 2011, Volume 5, Issue 4,   Pages 414-419 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0168-0

Abstract: Osteoclasts, which are derived from monocyte-macrophage precursors, are exclusive bone resorption cells. Limited evidence indicates that a class of small non-coding single-stranded RNAs known as “microRNAs” (miRNAs) is also involved in bone resorption. Although various miRNAs regulate cell proliferation and differentiation, few miRNAs have been reported to play a key role in the regulation of osteoclast differentiation. In this short review, the biology and functional mechanisms of miRNAs in osteoclastogenesis are summarized. The profiling, function, and target prediction of miRNAs are discussed as well.

Keywords： miRNA     osteoclast differentiation     antagomirs    

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Emerging roles of podoplanin in vascular development and homeostasis

Yanfang Pan,Lijun Xia

Frontiers of Medicine 2015, Volume 9, Issue 4,   Pages 421-430 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0424-9

Abstract: This review provides a comprehensive overview of the roles of PDPN in vascular development and lymphoid

Keywords： podoplanin     CLEC-2     Prox1     O-glycosylation     lymphatic vascular development and maintenance     lymphoid organ homeostasis    

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Digitalization for supply chain resilience and robustness: The roles of collaboration and formal contracts

Frontiers of Engineering Management   Pages 5-19 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0229-x

Abstract: Findings reveal the differential roles of digitalization as a technical factor and supply chain collaboration

Keywords： digitalization     supply chain     resilience     robustness     collaboration     formal contract    

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The greater roles of indigenous microorganisms in removing nitrobenzene from sediment compared with the

Xiangqun Chi, Yingying Zhang, Daosheng Wang, Feihua Wang, Wei Liang

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2018, Volume 12, Issue 1, doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1016-0

Abstract: days in native sediments, raising the possibility that indigenous microorganisms may play important roles

Keywords： Community structure     Indigenous microorganisms     Nitrobenzene     Plant-microbe associated remediation     Sediment    

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Cadmium removal mechanistic comparison of three Fe-based nanomaterials: Water-chemistry and roles of

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 12, doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1586-8

Abstract:

● nZVI, S-nZVI, and nFeS were systematically compared for Cd(II) removal.

Keywords： Nano zero valent iron     Sulfided zero valent iron     FeS     Cd(II) immobilization     Fe dissolution    

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Balancing resilience and efficiency in supply chains: Roles of disruptive technologies under Industry

Frontiers of Engineering Management   Pages 171-176 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0247-8

Abstract: In the Industry 4.0 era, disruptive technologies such as big data analytics, blockchain, Internet-of-Things, and additive manufacturing have become major forces driving supply chain transformation. Under such circumstances, particular attention should be attached to balancing resilience and efficiency of the supply chain, especially in the presence of more turbulence. In this study, we first summarize the conflicts between supply chain efficiency and supply chain resilience regarding practices and objectives. Then, we discuss the positive effects of disruptive technologies in improving resilience and efficiency. Afterwards, we propose a research agenda that covers both the influence mechanism and trade-off mechanism of these technologies in terms of resilience and efficiency.

Keywords： disruptive technologies     supply chain     resilience     efficiency     paradox     balance    

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PROTECTIVE ROLES OF D1 PROTEIN TURNOVER AND THE XANTHOPHYLL CYCLE IN TOMATO (

Tao LU, Jiazhi LU, Mingfang QI, Zhouping SUN, Yufeng LIU, Tianlai LI

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering   Pages 262-279 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021383

Abstract: D1 protein turnover and the xanthophyll cycle (XC) are important photoprotective mechanisms in plants that operate under adverse conditions. Here, streptomycin sulfate (SM) and dithiothreitol (DTT) were used in tomato plants as inhibitors of D1 protein turnover and XC to elucidate their photoprotective impacts under sub-high temperature and high light conditions (HH, 35°C, 1000 µmol·m ·s ). SM and DTT treatments significantly reduced the net photosynthetic rate, apparent quantum efficiency, maximum photochemical efficiency, and potential activity of photosystem II, leading to photoinhibition and a decline in plant biomass under HH. The increase in reactive oxygen species levels resulted in thylakoid membrane lipid peroxidation. In addition, there were increased non-photochemical quenching and decreased chlorophyll pigments in SM and DTT application, causing an inhibition of D1 protein production at both transcriptional and translational levels. Overall, inhibition of D1 turnover caused greater photoinhibition than XC inhibition. Additionally, the recovery levels of most photosynthesis indicators in DTT-treated plants were higher than in SM-treated plants. These findings support the view that D1 turnover has a more important role than XC in photoprotection in tomato under HH conditions.

Keywords： D1 turnover     photoinhibition     photoprotection     photosynthesis     tomato     xanthophyll cycle    

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The Roles of Nuclear Energy in Hydrogen Production Views & Comments

Shinji Kubo

Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 9,   Pages 16-20 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.12.024

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Critical roles of chemokines and cytokines in antiviral innate immune responses during rabies virus infection

Ying HUANG, Clement Wesley GNANADURAI, Zhenfang FU

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2017, Volume 4, Issue 3,   Pages 260-267 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016116

Abstract: The innate immune response is the first line of defense against viral invasion and pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines have a critical function in the innate immune responses against virus infections. The ability of a rabies virus (RABV) to induce the expression of chemokines and cytokines can lead to viral clearance from the central nervous system (CNS), whereas the ability to evade such expression and activation contributes to virulence and pathogenicity. In this review, the crucial contribution of chemokines/cytokines to clearing RABV from the CNS is discussed, including recruiting leukocytes into the CNS, enhancement of blood brain barrier permeability and activation of various immune cells that are essential for viral clearance. In addition, recombinant RABV expressing cytokines and chemokines can induce elevated innate and adaptive immune responses which result in clearing an established wild-type RABV infection in the CNS.

Keywords： antiviral     blood brain barrier     chemokines and cytokines     innate immunity     rabies virus    

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Astrocytes in depression and Alzheimer’s disease

Frontiers of Medicine 2021, Volume 15, Issue 6,   Pages 829-841 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0875-0

Abstract: We herein review the current findings on the roles and mechanisms of astrocytes in the development of

Keywords： astrocytes     depression     Alzheimer’s disease     roles     mechanisms    

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Breast cancer-associated fibroblasts: their roles in tumor initiation, progression and clinical applications

Aixiu Qiao,Feng Gu,Xiaojing Guo,Xinmin Zhang,Li Fu

Frontiers of Medicine 2016, Volume 10, Issue 1,   Pages 33-40 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0431-5

Abstract:

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women, and the incidence of this disease has increased in recent years because of changes in diet, living environment, gestational age, and other unknown factors. Previous studies focused on cancer cells, but an increasing number of recent studies have analyzed the contribution of cancer microenvironment to the initiation and progression of breast cancer. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the most abundant cells in tumor stroma, secrete various active biomolecules, including extracellular matrix components, growth factors, cytokines, proteases, and hormones. CAFs not only facilitate the initiation, growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis of cancer but also serve as biomarkers in the clinical diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of breast cancer. In this article, we reviewed the literature and summarized the research findings on CAFs in breast cancer.

Keywords： cancer-associated fibroblast     breast cancer     progression     prognosis    

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PROTECTIVE ROLES OF D1 PROTEIN TURNOVER AND THE XANTHOPHYLL CYCLE IN TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM) UNDER

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 8, Issue 2,

Abstract:

D1 protein turnover and the xanthophyll cycle (XC) are important photoprotective mechanisms in plants that operate under adverse conditions. Here, streptomycin sulfate (SM) and dithiothreitol (DTT) were used in tomato plants as inhibitors of D1 protein turnover and XC to elucidate their photoprotective impacts under sub-high temperature and high light conditions (HH, 35°C, 1000 µmol·m-2·s-1). SM and DTT treatments significantly reduced the net photosynthetic rate, apparent quantum efficiency, maximum photochemical efficiency, and potential activity of photosystem II, leading to photoinhibition and a decline in plant biomass under HH. The increase in reactive oxygen species levels resulted in thylakoid membrane lipid peroxidation. In addition, there were increased non-photochemical quenching and decreased chlorophyll pigments in SM and DTT application, causing an inhibition of D1 protein production at both transcriptional and translational levels. Overall, inhibition of D1 turnover caused greater photoinhibition than XC inhibition. Additionally, the recovery levels of most photosynthesis indicators in DTT-treated plants were higher than in SM-treated plants. These findings support the view that D1 turnover has a more important role than XC in photoprotection in tomato under HH conditions.

 

Keywords： D1 turnover / photoinhibition / photoprotection / photosynthesis / tomato / xanthophyll cycle    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Investigation of the roles of lignin in biomass-based hydrogel for efficient desalination

Journal Article

Emerging roles of liquid metals in carbon neutrality

Journal Article

Protective roles of heat stress on the neurons in hippocampal CA1 region of mice

WANG Chunxu, WANG Hanxing

Journal Article

MicroRNAs and their roles in osteoclast differentiation

Zhuying Xia, Chao Chen, Peng Chen, Hui Xie, Xianghang Luo

Journal Article

Emerging roles of podoplanin in vascular development and homeostasis

Yanfang Pan,Lijun Xia

Journal Article

Digitalization for supply chain resilience and robustness: The roles of collaboration and formal contracts

Journal Article

The greater roles of indigenous microorganisms in removing nitrobenzene from sediment compared with the

Xiangqun Chi, Yingying Zhang, Daosheng Wang, Feihua Wang, Wei Liang

Journal Article

Cadmium removal mechanistic comparison of three Fe-based nanomaterials: Water-chemistry and roles of

Journal Article

Balancing resilience and efficiency in supply chains: Roles of disruptive technologies under Industry

Journal Article

PROTECTIVE ROLES OF D1 PROTEIN TURNOVER AND THE XANTHOPHYLL CYCLE IN TOMATO (

Tao LU, Jiazhi LU, Mingfang QI, Zhouping SUN, Yufeng LIU, Tianlai LI

Journal Article

The Roles of Nuclear Energy in Hydrogen Production

Shinji Kubo

Journal Article

Critical roles of chemokines and cytokines in antiviral innate immune responses during rabies virus infection

Ying HUANG, Clement Wesley GNANADURAI, Zhenfang FU

Journal Article

Astrocytes in depression and Alzheimer’s disease

Journal Article

Breast cancer-associated fibroblasts: their roles in tumor initiation, progression and clinical applications

Aixiu Qiao,Feng Gu,Xiaojing Guo,Xinmin Zhang,Li Fu

Journal Article

PROTECTIVE ROLES OF D1 PROTEIN TURNOVER AND THE XANTHOPHYLL CYCLE IN TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM) UNDER

Journal Article